Table 1 Development stage of natural spawning egg in yellowtail kingfish (S. lalandi) at 20± 0.5°C

Developmental stage Elapsed time Remark Features of eggs and embryos
Fertilized egg 0.0 Fig. 1A Spherical & transparent with buoyancy
1 cell 40 min Fig. 1B
2-cell 1 h 12 min Fig. 1C First cleavage
4-cell 1 h 46 min Fig. 1D Second cleavage, plane perpendicular to the first
8-cell 2 hrs 25 min Fig. 1E Third cleavage, plane perpendicular to the second
16-cell 2 hrs 52 min Fig. 1F
32-cell 3 hrs 48 min Fig. 1G
64-cell 4 hrs 04 min Fig. 1H
Morula 6 hrs 06 min Fig. 1I
Blastula 10 hrs 25 min Fig. 1J Start of blastula stage
Early gastrula 14 hrs 20 min Fig. 1K Blastoderm expanded towards the vegetal pole to cover the yolk
Late gastrula 21 hrs 21 min Fig. 1L Blastoderm had covered most of the yolk
Formation of embryo 22 hrs 20 min Fig. 1M Outline of the embryo became clearly visible
Kupffer’s vesicles 24 hrs 02 min Fig. 1N 10 to 11 myotomes were visible
Auditory vesicles and eye lens 27 hrs 53 min Fig. 1O 13 myotomes were visible
Melanophores appearance 31 hrs 22 min Fig. 1P 18 to 19 myotomes, melanophores appeared on the embryo
Melanophores appearance 34 hrs 06 min Fig. 1Q Melanophores appeared on the yolk
Heart beat 54 hrs 43 min Fig. 1R 28 to 30 myotomes, embryonic movements
Hatching 67 hrs Fig. 1S Hatching begins